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Detoxification and concentration of corn stover hydrolysate and its fermentation for ethanol production

Qing Li, Yingjie Qin, Yunfei Liu, Jianjun Liu, Qing Liu, Pingli Li, Liqiang Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 140-151 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1714-y

摘要： Environmental and energy concerns have increased interest in renewable energy sources, particularly biofuels. Thus the fermentation of glucose from sulfuric acid-hydrolyzed corn stover for the production of bioethanol has been explored using a combined acid retardation and continuous-effect membrane distillation treatment process. This process resulted in the separation of the sugars and acids from the acid-catalyzed hydrolysate, the removal of most of the fermentation inhibitors from the hydrolysate and the concentration of the detoxified hydrolysate. The recovery rate of glucose from the sugar-acid mixture using acid retardation was greater than 99.12% and the sulfuric acid was completely recovered from the hydrolysate. When the treated corn stover hydrolysate, containing 100 g/L glucose, was used as a carbon source, 43.06 g/L of ethanol was produced with a productivity of 1.79 g/(L?h) and a yield of 86.31%. In the control experiment, where glucose was used as the carbon source these values were 1.97 g/(L?h) and 93.10% respectively. Thus the integration of acid retardation and a continuous-effect membrane distillation process are effective for the production of fuel ethanol from corn stover.

关键词： corn stover     hydrolysate     acid retardation     continuous-effect membrane distillation     ethanol fermentation    

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Concentrating aqueous hydrochloric acid by multiple-effect membrane distillation

Rongling LIU, Yingjie QIN, Xiaojun LI, Liqiang LIU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 311-321 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1207-3

摘要： Multiple-effect membrane distillation (MEMD) using a hollow fiber-based air-gap membrane distillation module was experimentally examined for concentrating dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid. The effects of the hot and cold feed-in temperatures, and the feed-in volumetric flow rates on the performance of the MEMD process were studied. The performance was evaluated using the performance ratio ( ), the average selectivity of water over HCl ( ) and the permeation flux ( ). Two types of porous fibers made from polypropylene were used to fabricate the MEMD modules. The experimental data indicated that hollow fibers with high porosity were preferred for the MEMD process. The , and all decreased as the feed concentration increased. When the feed concentration was below 12 wt-%, the was 6.0 – 9.6 and was 10 – 190. When the concentration of HCl reached 18 wt-%, the and were about 4.4 and 2.3, respectively. However, sharply decreased to around 1.0 when the feed was further concentrated. During an operational stability test that lasted for 30 days, the performance of the MEMD modules remained good.

关键词： multiple-effect membrane distillation     performance ratio     hydrochloric acid     recovery     stability    

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A review on membrane distillation in process engineering: design and exergy equations, materials and

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 592-613 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2105-3

摘要： One of the problems that most afflicts humanity is the lack of clean water. Water stress, which is the pressure on the quantity and quality of water resources, exists in many places throughout the World. Desalination represents a valid solution to the scarcity of fresh water and several technologies are already well applied and successful (such as reverse osmosis), producing about 100 million m3·d−1 of fresh water. Further advances in the field of desalination can be provided by innovative processes such as membrane distillation. The latter is of particular interest for the treatment of waste currents from conventional desalination processes (for example the retentate of reverse osmosis) as it allows to desalt highly concentrated currents as it is not limited by concentration polarization phenomena. New perspectives have enhanced research activities and allowed a deeper understanding of mass and heat transport phenomena, membrane wetting, polarization phenomena and have encouraged the use of materials particularly suitable for membrane distillation applications. This work summarizes recent developments in the field of membrane distillation, studies for module length optimization, commercial membrane modules developed, recent patents and advancement of membrane material.

关键词： membrane distillation     recent developments     heat and mass transfer     wetting     membrane material    

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The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes: a review

Sebastian Leaper, Ahmed Abdel-Karim, Patricia Gorgojo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 755-774 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1993-y

摘要： Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal-based separation technique with the potential to treat a wide range of water types for various applications and industries. Certain challenges remain however, which prevent it from becoming commercially widespread including moderate permeate flux, decline in separation performance over time due to pore wetting and high thermal energy requirements. Nevertheless, its attractive characteristics such as high rejection (ca. 100%) of non-volatile species, its ability to treat highly saline solutions under low operating pressures (typically atmospheric) as well as its ability to operate at low temperatures, enabling waste-heat integration, continue to drive research interests globally. Of particular interest is the class of carbon-based nanomaterials which includes graphene and carbon nanotubes, whose wide range of properties have been exploited in an attempt to overcome the technical challenges that MD faces. These low dimensional materials exhibit properties such as high specific surface area, high strength, tuneable hydrophobicity, enhanced vapour transport, high thermal and electrical conductivity and others. Their use in MD has resulted in improved membrane performance characteristics like increased permeability and reduced fouling propensity. They have also enabled novel membrane capabilities such as fouling detection and localised heat generation. In this review we provide a brief introduction to MD and describe key membrane characteristics and fabrication methods. We then give an account of the various uses of carbon nanomaterials for MD applications, focussing on polymeric membrane systems. Future research directions based on the findings are also suggested.

关键词： carbon nanomaterials     graphene     membrane distillation     desalination     carbon nanotubes    

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CFD simulation on membrane distillation of NaCl solution

Zhaoguang XU, Yanqiu PAN, Yalan YU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 293-297 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0204-7

摘要： A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation that coupled an established heat and mass transfer model was carried out for the air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) of NaCl solution to predict mass and heat behaviors of the process. The effects of temperature and flowrate on fluxes were first simulated and compared with available experimental data to verify the approach. The profiles of temperature, temperature polarization factor, and mass flux adjacent to the tubular carbon membrane surface were then examined under different feed Reynolds number in the computational domain. Results show that the temperature polarization phenomena can be reduced, and mass flux can be enhanced with increase in the feed Reynolds number.

关键词： membrane distillation     computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation     temperature polarization     carbon membrane    

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Progress in membrane distillation crystallization: Process models, crystallization control and innovative

Xiaobin Jiang, Linghan Tuo, Dapeng Lu, Baohong Hou, Wei Chen, Gaohong He

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 647-662 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1649-8

摘要： Membrane distillation crystallization (MDC) is a promising hybrid separation process that has been applied to seawater desalination, brine treatment and wastewater recovery. In recent years, great progress has been made in MDC technologies including the promotion of nucleation and better control of crystallization and crystal size distribution. These advances are useful for the accurate control of the degree of supersaturation and for the control of the nucleation kinetic processes. This review focuses on the development of MDC process models and on crystallization control strategies. In addition, the most important innovative applications of MDC in the last five years in crystal engineering and pharmaceutical manufacturing are summarized.

关键词： membrane distillation crystallization     mathematics model     nucleation     separation     hybrid process    

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interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination applications by vacuum membranedistillation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1162-1182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2276-6

摘要： In the present research, for the first time, lycopodium as a novel nanofiller was incorporated into a polyvinylidene fluoride matrix to fabricate lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride flat-sheet membrane for desalination applications by vacuum membrane distillation process. The prepared lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and lycopodium were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and mapping analyses. Water contact angle and liquid entry pressure measurements were also performed. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize membrane structure and performance. The optimized lycopodium/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane exhibits superior performance compared to the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in terms of flux, salt rejection, water contact angle, and hydrophobicity. In vacuum membrane distillation experiments, using a 15000 ppm NaCl solution as a feed at 70 °C, the neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, optimum membrane, and agglomerated membrane (with high lycopodium loading) demonstrated 3.80, 25.20, and 14.83 LMH flux and 63.30%, 99.99%, 99.96% salt rejection, respectively. This improvement in flux and salt rejection of the optimized membrane was related to the presence of lycopodium with hydrophobic nature and interconnected nano-channels in membrane structure. It was found that lycopodium, as the most hydrophobic material, effectively influences the membrane performance and structure for membrane distillation applications.

关键词： lycopodium     hydrophobicity     vacuum membrane distillation     desalination    

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Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 193-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0608-0

摘要： Recently the porous bilayer wood solar collectors have drawn increasing attention because of their potential application in solar desalination. In this paper, a thermodynamic model has been developed to analyze the performance of the wood solar collector. A modeling analysis has also been conducted to assess the performance and operating conditions of the multiple effect desalination (MED) system integrated with the porous wood solar collector. Specifically, the effects of operating parameters, such as the motive steam temperature, seawater flow rate, input solar energy and number of effects on the energy consumption for each ton of distilled water produced have been investigated in the MED desalination system combined with the bilayer wood solar steam generator. It is found that, under a given operating condition, there exists an optimum steam generation temperature of around 145°C in the wood solar collector, so that the specific power consumption in the MED system reaches a minimum value of 24.88 kWh/t. The average temperature difference is significantly affected by the solar heating capacity. With the solar capacity increasing from 50 kW to 230 kW, the average temperature difference increases from 1.88°C to 6.27°C. This parametric simulation study will help the design of efficient bilayer wood solar steam generator as well as the MED desalination system.

关键词： solar energy     steam generating     multi-effect desalination    

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propylene) membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation and application in direct contact membranedistillation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 720-730 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2098-y

摘要： A non-toxic and environmentally safe diluent, acetyl tributyl citrate, was employed to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene membranes via thermally induced phase separation. Effects of the polymer concentration on the phase diagram, membrane morphology, hydrophobicity, pore size, porosity and mechanical properties (tensile stress and elongation at break) were investigated. The results showed that the pore size and porosity tended to decrease with increasing polymer concentration, whereas the contact angle, liquid entry pressure and mechanical properties showed the opposite trend. In direct contact membrane distillation operation with 3.5 wt-% sodium chloride solution as the feed solution, the prepared membranes performed high salt rejection (>99.9%). Furthermore, the prepared membranes retained excellent performance in long-term stability tests regarding the permeate flux and salt rejection.

关键词： poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene     thermally induced phase separation     non-toxic diluent     direct contact membrane distillation    

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Hydrophobic polyethersulfone porous membranes for membrane distillation

Heba ABDALLAH, Ayman EL-GENDI, Maaly KHEDR, Elham EL-ZANATI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 84-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1508-4

摘要： Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal, vapor-driven transportation process through micro porous hydrophobic membranes that is increasingly being applied to seawater and brine desalination processes. Two types of hydrophobic microporous polyethersulfone flat sheet membranes, namely, annealed polyethersulfone and a polyethersulfone/tetraethoxysilane (PES/TEOS) blend were prepared by a phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized and their performances were investigated using the vacuum membrane distillation of an aqueous NaCl solution. The performances of the prepared membranes were also compared with two commercially available hydrophobic membranes, polytetrafluorethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. The influence of operational parameters such as feed temperature (25–65 °C), permeate vacuum pressure (200–800 mbar), feed flow rate (8–22 mL/s) and feed salt concentration (3000 to 35000 mg/L) on the MD permeation flux were investigated for the four membranes. The hydrophobic PES/TEOS membrane had the highest salt rejection (99.7%) and permeate flux (86 kg/m ·h) at 65 °C, with a feed of 7000 ppm and a pressure of 200 mbar.

关键词： membrane distillation     hydrophobic membrane     salt rejection     permeate flux    

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Preparation and properties of hollow fibre nanofiltration membrane with continuous coffee-ring structure

Xiuzhen Wei, Xufeng Xu, Yi Chen, Qian Zhang, Lu Liu, Ruiyuan Yang, Jinyuan Chen, Bosheng Lv

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 351-362 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1943-8

摘要： Polyamide (PA) hollow fibre composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes with a coffee-ring structure and beneficial properties were prepared by adding graphene oxide (GO) into the interfacial polymerization process. The presentation of the coffee-ring structure was attributed to the heterogeneous, finely dispersed multiphase reaction system and the “coffee-stain” effect of the GO solution. When the piperazine concentration was 0.4 wt-%, the trimesoyl chloride concentration was 0.3 wt-%, and the GO concentration was 0.025 wt-%, the prepared NF membranes showed the best separation properties. The permeate flux was 76 L·m ·h , and the rejection rate for MgSO was 98.6% at 0.4 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the chemical structure and morphology of the PA/GO NF membrane. The results showed that GO was successfully entrapped into the PA functional layer. Under neutral operating conditions, the PA/GO membrane showed typical negatively charged NF membrane separation characteristics, and the rejection rate decreased in the order of Na SO >MgSO >MgCl >NaCl. The PA/GO NF membrane showed better antifouling performance than the PA membrane.

关键词： GO     PA     interfacial polymerization     hollow fibre NF membrane    

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计算流体力学在水处理膜过程中的应用

张雅琴,张林,侯立安

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第7期   页码 47-52

摘要：

本文介绍了计算流体力学（CFD）在膜分离过程模拟中的基本原理，对CFD在压力膜驱动过程组件设计、传质和膜污染过程研究方面的应用和CFD在具有相变膜过程（渗透汽化、膜蒸馏）以及其他膜过程中的应用分别进行了综述，最后对CFD在膜分离技术研究中的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词： 计算流体力学     膜分离     压力驱动     渗透汽化     膜蒸馏    

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A novel method for generating distillation configurations

Hongzhe Hou, Yiqing Luo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 834-846 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1855-7

摘要： An improved matrix method for generating distillation configurations with ( −1) and less than ( −1) columns was proposed for the separation of an -component mixture into essentially pure product streams based on the concepts of streams matrix and 0–1 matrixes proposed by Agrawal. In contrast with the matrix method developed by Agrawal, the present method removes the intermediate process centered on the splits, and complex column configurations, allowing the direct generation of multi-feeds and multi-product streams. Furthermore, certain configurations that cannot be generated directly and that are missing in the matrix method are obtained. Through rigorous simulations and optimization, we have demonstrated that these configurations have the potential to outperform certain existing configurations.

关键词： non-sharp separation     multicomponent distillation     distillation configurations    

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Uncovering the effect of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and vinyl alcohol content onmorphology, antifouling, and permeation properties of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane: thermodynamic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1484-1502 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2331-y

摘要： Various hydrophilic poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) were used herein to precisely control the structure and hydrodynamic properties of polysulfone (PSF) membranes. Particularly, to prepare pristine PSF and PSF/EVOH blends with increasing vinyl alcohol (VOH: 73%, 68%, 56%), the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique was used. Polyethylene glycol was used as a compatibilizer and as a porogen in N,N-dimethylacetamide. Rheological and ultrasonic separation kinetic measurements were also carried out to develop an ultrafiltration membrane mechanism. The extracted membrane properties and filtration capabilities were systematically compared to the proposed mechanism. Accordingly, the addition of EVOH led to an increase in the rheology of the dopes. The resulting membranes exhibited a microporous structure, while the finger-like structures became more evident with increasing VOH content. The PSF/EVOH behavior was changed from immediate to delayed segregation due to a change in the hydrodynamic kinetics. Interestingly, the PSF/EVOH32 membranes showed high hydrophilicity and achieved a pure water permeability of 264 L·m–2·h–1·bar–1, which was higher than that of pure PSF membranes (171 L·m–2·h–1·bar–1). In addition, PSF/EVOH32 rejected bovine serum albumin at a high rate (> 90%) and achieved a significant restoration of permeability. Finally, from the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic results, valuable insights into the selection of hydrophilic copolymers were provided to tailor the membrane structure while improving both the permeability and antifouling performance.

关键词： polysulfone     blend modification     ultrafiltration membrane     formation hydrodynamics     poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymer    

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Mechanics analysis of thin-walled box continuous girder with variable cross-sections in considering effect

Yuji CHEN, Qizhi LUO,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 352-356 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0057-7

摘要： In order to study the mechanics behavior of a thin-walled box continuous girder with variable cross-sections, using potential variation theories, considering the effect of shear lag of flange’s stress and the nonlinear geometry of vertical displacement, and evolving five generalized displacements with the spline function, the large deflection problem of the thin-walled box continuous girder with variable cross-section was transformed to a nonlinear algebraic equation, which was solved using the Newton-Raphon iterative method. The results of the calculation show that different shear lag warp functions to the cantilever, top and bottom plate should be taken to analyze the mechanics behavior of the thin-walled box continuous girder reliably. The thin-walled box continuous girder with variable cross-sections has more reasonable stress state and is more adaptable for the longitudinal change of internal forces than that with equal cross-sections. The effect of large deflection on the stress and displacement of the thin-walled box continuous girder with variable cross-sections depends on the values of the load.

关键词： thin-walled box girder with variable cross-sections     potential variational theory     shear lag     large deflection problem    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Detoxification and concentration of corn stover hydrolysate and its fermentation for ethanol production

Qing Li, Yingjie Qin, Yunfei Liu, Jianjun Liu, Qing Liu, Pingli Li, Liqiang Liu

期刊论文

Concentrating aqueous hydrochloric acid by multiple-effect membrane distillation

Rongling LIU, Yingjie QIN, Xiaojun LI, Liqiang LIU

期刊论文

A review on membrane distillation in process engineering: design and exergy equations, materials and

期刊论文

The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes: a review

Sebastian Leaper, Ahmed Abdel-Karim, Patricia Gorgojo

期刊论文

CFD simulation on membrane distillation of NaCl solution

Zhaoguang XU, Yanqiu PAN, Yalan YU

期刊论文

Progress in membrane distillation crystallization: Process models, crystallization control and innovative

Xiaobin Jiang, Linghan Tuo, Dapeng Lu, Baohong Hou, Wei Chen, Gaohong He

期刊论文

interconnected nano-channels into polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for desalination applications by vacuum membranedistillation

期刊论文

Modeling analysis on solar steam generator employed in multi-effect distillation (MED) system

Zhaorui ZHAO, Bao YANG, Ziwen XING

期刊论文

propylene) membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation and application in direct contact membranedistillation

期刊论文

Hydrophobic polyethersulfone porous membranes for membrane distillation

Heba ABDALLAH, Ayman EL-GENDI, Maaly KHEDR, Elham EL-ZANATI

期刊论文

Preparation and properties of hollow fibre nanofiltration membrane with continuous coffee-ring structure

Xiuzhen Wei, Xufeng Xu, Yi Chen, Qian Zhang, Lu Liu, Ruiyuan Yang, Jinyuan Chen, Bosheng Lv

期刊论文

计算流体力学在水处理膜过程中的应用

张雅琴,张林,侯立安

期刊论文

A novel method for generating distillation configurations

Hongzhe Hou, Yiqing Luo

期刊论文

Uncovering the effect of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and vinyl alcohol content onmorphology, antifouling, and permeation properties of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane: thermodynamic

期刊论文

Mechanics analysis of thin-walled box continuous girder with variable cross-sections in considering effect

Yuji CHEN, Qizhi LUO,

期刊论文